The Country Code is a three digit number assigned by the FAA, every country and all fifty states and the Canadian territories are assigned unique codes. The following is the current assignments.
001 - 093 The United States
001 -- Alaska
002 -- Hawaii
011 -- Connecticut
012 -- Maine
013 -- Mass.
014 -- New Hampshire
015 -- Rhode Island
016 -- Vermont
021 -- New Jursey
022 -- New York
023 -- Penn.
031 -- Delaware
032 -- District of Columbia
033 -- Florida
034 -- Georgia
035 -- Maryland
036 -- North Carolina
037 -- South Carolina
038 -- Virginia
039 -- West Virginia
041 -- Illinois
042 -- Indiana
043 -- Michigan
044 -- Ohio
045 -- Wisconsin
051 -- Alabama
052 -- Kentucky
053 -- Mississippi
054 -- Tennisee
061 -- Iowa
062 -- Kansas
063 -- Minnesota
064 -- Missouri
065 -- Nebraska
066 -- North Dakota
067 -- South Dakota
071 -- Arkansas
072 -- Lousiana
073 -- Oklahoma
074 -- Texas
081 -- Arizona
082 -- Colorado
083 -- Idaho
084 -- Montana
085 -- Nevada
086 -- New Mexico
087 -- Utah
088 -- Wyoming
091 -- California
092 -- Oregon
093 -- Washington
106 -- Belize
110 -- Costa Rica
118 -- El Salvador
127 -- Guatemala
131 -- Honduras
148 -- Mexico
153 -- Nicaragua
162 -- Panama Republic
174 -- Colombia
202 -- West Indies
204 -- Bahamas
205 -- Barbados
206 -- West Indies
207 -- Atlantic Ocean
209 -- Windward Island
219 -- Cuba
221 -- West Indies
224 -- Dominican Republic
233 -- West Indies
234 -- British West Indies
235 -- Guadelope
238 -- Haiti
243 -- Jamaica
252 -- Martinique
256 -- Montserrat
257 -- Windward Island
259 -- Neth. Antilles
261 -- Leeward Islands
266 -- Windward Islands
268 -- Puerto Rico
270 -- Guadelope
273 -- Windward Islands
274 -- West Indies
275 -- Leeward Islands
276 -- West Indies
277 -- Aruba
279 -- Windward Islands
280 -- Trinidad & Tobogo
281 -- British West Indies
282 -- British Virgin Islands
283 -- Virgin Islands, USA
303 -- Argentina
312 -- Bolivia
316 -- Brazil
324 -- Chile
327 -- Colombia
337 -- Ecuador
344 -- French Guiana
350 -- Guyana
365 -- Paraguay
368 -- Peru
379 -- Republic of Suriname
385 -- Uruguay
388 -- Venezuela
401 -- Albania
402 -- Andorra
403 -- Austria
409 -- Belgium
411 -- Bulgaria
417 -- Czechoslovakia
419 -- Denmark
425 -- Finland
427 -- France
428 -- German Dem. Rep.
429 -- Federal Republic of Germany
430 -- Germany (West)
431 -- Gibraltar
433 -- Greece
437 -- Hungary
439 -- Iceland
441 -- Republic of Ireland
445 -- Northern Ireland (UK)
450 -- Italy
454 -- Luxembourg
456 -- Mediterranean Sea
458 -- Monaco
461 -- Netherlands
465 -- Norway
467 -- Poland
469 -- Portugal
473 -- Romania
479 -- San Marino
482 -- Spain
484 -- Sweden
486 -- Switzerland
489 -- USSR
493 -- Scotland (UK)
497 -- Yugoslavia
500 -- Algeria
502 -- Angola
503 -- Burundi
504 -- Republic of Cameroon
506 -- Canary Islands
507 -- Cape Verde Islands
509 -- Central African Republic
510 -- Botswana
511 -- Chad
513 -- Comoro Islands
515 -- Peoples Republic of the Congo
517 -- Zaire
519 -- Benin
521 -- Equatorial Guinea
522 -- Ethiopia
525 -- Djibouti
526 -- Gabon
527 -- Gambia
529 -- Ghana
531 -- Guinea
532 -- Ifni
533 -- Ivory Coast
535 -- Kenya
536 -- Lesotho
537 -- Liberia
538 -- Libyan A Jamahiriya
540 -- Portugal
541 -- Dem. Rep. Madagascar
542 -- Malawi
543 -- Mali
545 -- Mauritania
546 -- Mauritius
548 -- Morocco
550 -- Mozambique
554 -- Niger
555 -- Nigeria
559 -- Guinea Bissau
561 -- Principe Island
562 -- South Africa
563 -- Indian Ocean
566 -- Rwanda
567 -- Sao Tome Island
569 -- Senegal
570 -- Seychelles Island
571 -- Sierre Leone
573 -- Somalia
575 -- Namibia
582 -- Swaziland
583 -- Sudan
585 -- Tanzania
586 -- Togo
588 -- Tunisia
590 -- Uganda
591 -- Arab Republic of Egypt
594 -- Burkina Faso
597 -- Zambia
599 -- Zimbabwe
605 -- Bahrain
611 -- Cyprus
632 -- Islamic Republic of Iran
634 -- Iraq
636 -- Israel
639 -- Jordan
644 -- Kuwait
647 -- Lebanon
658 -- Oman
664 -- Qatar
667 -- Yemen Democratic
670 -- Saudi Arabia
676 -- Syria
678 -- U.A. Emirates
679 -- Turkey
694 -- Yemen Arab Republic
701 -- Dem. Rep. of Afghanistan
703 -- Bangladesh
704 -- Brunei Darussalam
706 -- Burma
709 -- Democratic Kampuchea
711 -- Sri Lanka
713 -- Peoples Republic of China
729 -- Hong Kong
733 -- India
736 -- Japan
744 -- Laos
749 -- Malaysia
750 -- Maldives
751 -- Mongolia
755 -- Nepal
757 -- Dem. Peoples Rep. of Korea
761 -- Okinawa Island
764 -- Pakistan
766 -- Philippines
776 -- Singapore
778 -- Republic of Korea
781 -- Taiwan
782 -- Thailand
786 -- USSR
791 -- Soc. Rep. of Viet Nam
800 -- American Samoa
802 -- Australia
804 -- Papua New Guinea
807 -- Canton Island
809 -- Caroline Island
812 -- Indian Ocean
813 -- Cook Island
821 -- Fiji
823 -- French Polynesia
824 -- Rep. of Kiribati
826 -- Guam
832 -- Indonesia
834 -- Pacific Ocean
840 -- Loyalty Island
841 -- Mariana Islands
842 -- Pacific Ocean
843 -- Marshall Islands
845 -- Rep. of Nauru
846 -- New Caledonia
851 -- New Zealand
852 -- Niue
873 -- Soc. Island
874 -- Solomon Island
881 -- Tonga Island
885 -- Vanuatu
888 -- Pacific Ocean
890 -- Wallis & Futuna Island
892 -- West Samoa
906 - 961 -- Canada
906 -- British Columbia
911 -- Yukon Territories
916 -- Alberta
921 -- Saskatchuan
926 -- Manitoba
931 -- North West Territories
936 -- Ontario
941 -- Quebec
946 -- New Brunswick
950 -- St. Pierre & Miquelon
951 -- Nova Scosia
956 -- Prince Edward Island
961 -- New Fundland
975 -- Greenland
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Tell Me Card
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000
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The city code is most often the same as the airport code except when a city has more than one airport as in the case of New York City or Chicago. In those cases a three letter code is assigned the city itself and seperate codes are assigned to the various airports. I.E. New York has three airports LGA - Laguardia, JFK - Kennedy and EWR - Newark. The buzz word assigned these type cities is "Multi-airport cities", catchy isn't it?
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Every airport in the world, commercial and private is assigned a three letter code. Usually the letters have some special meaning to the airport or locality, for exampel MSP is Minneapolis St. Paul. This rule does not apply to all airports however for example the Canadian airports all (mostly) start with YY, Toronto is YYZ, Calgary is YYC, etc.
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The Latitude in degrees and minutes, the direction (North or South) is represented by the N or S.
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The longitude in degrees and minutes, the direction (West or East) is indicated by the W or E.